Sunday, June 29, 2008
Blood flow alterations in TNBS-induced colitis: Role of endothelin receptors
Abstract Objectives:The aim of the present study was to investigate the time dependent changes in hemodynamic parameters and to assess the role of endothelin (ET) receptors in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Materials:Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) hemodynamics, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and damage scores were measured immediately or 1, 3, 5 and 14 days after colitis. Treatments: Another group of rats received a nonselective ET receptor antagonist bosentan (30 mg/kg/day), ET-A receptor antagonist BQ485 (60 g/rat/day) or ET-B receptor antagonist BQ788 (60 g/rat/day) prior to and on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days after TNBS administration.
Acute blood neutrophilia induced by short-term compost dust exposure in previously unexposed healthy individuals
Abstract Objectives: Systemic effects of organic dust inhalation have been described in farming environments. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a single exposure at a biowaste composting facility could also exert systemic effects in healthy volunteers not previously exposed to organic dust from such facilities. Methods: Seventeen subjects (age 20–35 years) were exposed to organic dust for 2 h (exposure day) during moderate exercise; 12 of these subjects also took part in a control experiment (control day). Spirometry was performed before and immediately after the exposure. White blood cell counts and levels of tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peripheral blood were determined before and 3 h after exposure. Results: Exposures did not result in significant changes in lung function or blood cytokine levels. In contrast, the number and percentage of neutrophils increased during the exposure day [median (range) percent change of percentages 14 (−2; 67) %; P=0.002], but not during the control day [5 (−22; 35) %; P=0.66). Furthermore, there was a decrease in the number and percentage of eosinophils during the exposure day [−47 (−57; 0.0) %; P=0.002], whereas the change during the control day was smaller [−8 (−56; 71) %; P=0.68]. Conclusion: Short-term exposure of healthy, young subjects to organic dust from composting facilities had opposite effects on the numbers of blood neutrophils and blood eosinophils. These effects, though mild, suggest that even during a limited period of moderate work a sufficient amount of bioactive material can be deposited in the lung to elicit acute systemic alterations.
Prediction of HELLP syndrome with assessment of maternal dual hepatic blood supply by using Doppler ultrasound
Abstract Objective: Early structural and functional changes in the systemic vasculature have been proposed to play a major pathogenetic role in HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome. Our objective was to assess whether the evaluation of maternal hepatic blood supply is instructive to the prediction of onset of HELLP syndrome. Design: Prospective observation study. Population: Fifty-eight women with severe preeclampsia and 60 healthy pregnant controls at 25–36 weeks gestation. Methods: Angle-corrected time-averaged flow velocity and the cross-sectional area of common hepatic artery and portal vein were measured by using Doppler ultrasonography in 58 women with severe preeclampsia and in 60 healthy pregnant controls at 25–36 weeks gestation. Intravascular flow volumes were calculated from the product of the time-averaged velocity and the cross-sectional area. The total liver blood flow was taken as the sum of flow volumes in the hepatic artery and portal vein. Results: The total liver blood flow decreased significantly to about 40% of control in 9 women with severe preeclampsia who developed HELLP syndrome within 4 days after the examination, but not in 49 women with severe preeclampsia without HELLP syndrome. Conclusion: The results indicated that the decrease in dual hepatic blood supply preceded the onset of HELLP syndrome.
The production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole blood by physico-chemical induction
Abstract Objective and design: Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) play an important role in degenerative musculo-skeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis, and a multitude of inflammatory disorders. Agents that inhibit the action of such cytokines have a high therapeutic potential in such diseases. Here we describe a new method for enhancing the production of the interleukin-l receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and other anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole blood. Material and methods: Human venous blood was incubated in the presence of CrSO4-treated glass beads. Serum was recovered and the concentrations of IL-1Ra and other relevant cytokines were measured by ELISA.
Evaluation of peripheral blood neutrophil leucocytes in lead-exposed workers
Abstract Background: Inorganic lead can interfere with humoral and especially cell-mediated immunity even at frequently occurring (<50 μg/dl) blood lead (Pb-B) levels. Occupational exposure to lead causes a primary impairment of the chemotactic and phagocytic activities of neutrophil leucocytes. Objective: To verify whether, after taking into account the main confounding factors, occupational lead exposure is shown to induce changes in the number of blood neutrophil leucocytes, and to assess a possible dose-response relationship between Pb-B and the circulating neutrophil count in exposed workers. Subjects and methods: The study included 68 male lead-exposed (E) workers and 59 male workers in a food plant, recruited as controls (NE). A standardized questionnaire probing work, social, familial and personal medical history was administered to all the subjects. Blood and urine samples were collected to determine the dose and effect biological indices of lead and the total white blood cell and neutrophil counts. Results: Pb-B levels were significantly higher in E (geometric mean (GM): 20.5 μg/dl; 3.2–120 μg/dl) than in NE workers (GM: 3.5 μg/dl; 1–11 μg/dl). The mean absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was significantly higher in E workers with respect to NE workers. ANC correlated significantly with the biological lead dose and effect indices. Moreover, there was a dose-dependent increase of ANC with increasing Pb-B levels. The linear relationship between ANC and Pb-B was confirmed even after correction for age, body mass index and smoking habit. We also found an interaction between Pb-B level and smoking habit in increasing the number of blood neutrophils in lead-exposed workers. Conclusion: Our study is the first to describe a dose-dependent effect of lead on ANC in exposed workers. Our results underline the importance of promoting a further reduction of occupational lead exposure levels, adopting adequate individual protection means, as well as conducting medical campaigns against smoking, at the workplace.
Doppler Flow Wire Evaluation of Renal Blood Flow Reserve in Hypertensive Patients with Normal Renal Arteries
Abstract Purpose: To study the vasomotor responses of the renal microcirculation in patients with essential hypertension.
Linking nucleus accumbens dopamine and blood oxygenation
Abstract Rationale Animal research suggests that anticipation of reward can elicit dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) research further suggests that reward anticipation can increase local blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in the NAcc. However, the physiological relationship between dopamine release and BOLD signal increases in the NAcc has not yet been established.
Effects of Acupressure on Lower Limb Blood Flow for the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of acupressure on lower limb blood flow for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases (PAOD).
Automated Bedside Measurement of Penile Blood Flow Using Pulse-Volume Plethysmography
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficiency of the form PWV/ABI (pulse wave velocity/ankle brachial pressure index) for measuring penile blood pressure (PBP) and the penile brachial pressure index (PBI).
Light and electron microscopic studies on human retinal blood vessels of patients with sclerosis and hypertension
Abstract Purpose To correlate the ophthalmoscopic and histological findings on human retinal blood vessels of patients with sclerosis and hypertension, respectively.
Measurement of renal blood flow in human subjects using the ultrasound velocity profiling technique
Abstract Purpose To (1) assess the accuracy of the ultrasound velocity profiling (USVP) technique of renal blood flow (RBF) measurement in normal subjects and (2) compare renal blood flow measurements obtained using USVP and renal clearance rate in patients with renal diseases.
Effects of MDMA on blood glucose levels and brain glucose metabolism
Abstract Purpose This study was designed to assess changes in glucose metabolism in rats administered single or repeated doses of MDMA.
Magnetic resonance quantitative myocardial perfusion reserve demonstrates improved myocardial blood flow after angiogenic implant therapy
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to follow myocardial angiogenesis temporally using quantitative magnetic resonance first pass perfusion imaging and compare this with the “gold standard“ of radioactive microspheres in a random subset of animals.
Quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb dynamic PET imaging
Abstract Purpose The PET tracer 82Rb is commonly used to evaluate regional perfusion defects for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. There is limited information on the quantification of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve with this tracer. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of a one-compartment model of 82Rb kinetics for the quantification of myocardial blood flow.
Determinants of myocardial blood flow response to cold pressor testing and pharmacologic vasodilation in healthy humans
Abstract Purpose Response of myocardial blood flow (MBF) to sympathetic stimulation with cold is modulated by endothelium-related factors and is typically altered in the presence of coronary risk factors. Determinants of flow response to cold pressor testing (CPT) in normal volunteers at low risk for CAD remain less well defined, especially relative to baseline conditions such as hemodynamics and MBF, plasma substrate and lipid levels, and total pharmacologically stimulated vasodilator capacity.
Effect of hyperosmolality and cations on iodinated contrast medium-induced potassium release from human blood cells
Abstract Purpose Potassium release from blood cells is a contrast medium-induced phenomenon. The purposes of the study were to (1) assess the effect of hyperosmolality and of adding sodium ions and calcium ions to a solution on potassium release from human blood cells and (2) reevaluate the possibility of hemolysis as a cause of potassium elevation.
Changes in polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase concentrations and hemolysis parameters in patients transfused with different blood preparations, and in the blood preparations themselves
Abstract Purpose Massive blood transfusion induces hemolysis and increases polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMNE) concentration. The purpose of this study was to compare hemolysis and PMNE concentrations in massive blood transfusions with three different preparations.
Proposal of blood volume-corrected model for quantification of regional cerebral blood flow with H215O-PET and its application to AVF
Abstract Purpose It is generally assumed that vascular tracer activity is negligible in the quantification of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with H215O and positron emission tomography (PET) under normal conditions. We attempted to surpass the assumption of abnormal vascular conditions where the vascular tracer activity is significant by introducing the vascular component into the model.
Association Between Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and α-Fetoprotein Messenger RNA Levels in Peripheral Blood
Abstract Purpose Intra- and extrahepatic recurrence is common, even after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting preoperative or intraoperative tumor cell dissemination. Reverse transcription — polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for α-fetoprotein (AFP) is used to detect circulating liver cancer cells. We previously developed a quantitative method that allows estimation of the AFP mRNA level by real-time PCR. In the present study, we used this method to measure the AFP mRNA level before and after resection of HCC, then correlated the findings with various clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.
Influence of carboplatin infusion on osteosarcoma blood flow
Abstract Purpose Herein we report that carboplatin infusion influenced tumor blood flow signal independent of the mechanical decompression induced by the artificial lymphatics system technology that was being evaluated as part of a randomized veterinary clinical trial, treating spontaneously occurring canine appendicular osteosarcoma, a tumor very similar to its human counterpart.
Electrostatic field can preserve red blood cells in stored blood preparations
Abstract Purpose During the storage of red blood cell concentrates (CRCs), red blood cells are progressively destroyed and free hemoglobin and potassium concentrations increase. In this study, we focused on an electrostatic field that maintains food freshness without freezing, even at less than the freezing point. We hypothesized that the storage of CRCs under an electrostatic field could keep red blood cells in better condition than conventional storage.
The relationship between arteriovenous fistula blood flow rate and pulmonary artery pressure in hemodialysis patients
Abstract Purpose Although there is an increased prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients, the relationship between arteriovenous (AV) fistula blood flow and pulmonary hemodynamics is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationshipship between blood flow rate of AV fistula and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in hemodialysis patients.
Multi-Channel Electrical Bioimpedance: A New Noninvasive Method To Simultaneously Measure Cardiac And Peripheral Blood Flow
Abstract Objectives We sought to assess the ability of a new multi-channel electrical bioimpedance (MEB) methodology to accurately measure both cardiac blood flow and peripheral limb blood flow.
Adverse events of blood-pressure-lowering drugs: evidence of high incidence in a clinical setting
Abstract Objectives Our primary objective was to determine the incidence of AEs of antihypertensive drugs in a cohort of outpatients attending a specialized clinic. The secondary objectives were to determine the incidence of AEs by classes of blood-pressure-lowering drugs used in monotherapy and to identify risk factors for the occurrence of AEs.
Differences between Hospital- and Community-Acquired Blood Exposure Incidents Revealed by a Regional Expert Counseling Center
Abstract Objective: One year (2003) regional analysis of all blood exposure incidents from hospitals as well as from the community.
Usefulness of perioperative blood glucose control in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Abstract Objective We investigated the usefulness of perioperative blood glucose control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Intra-operative Blood Loss Predicts Complications After a Second Hepatectomy for Malignant Neoplasms
Abstract Objective We investigated the risk of morbidity after repeat resections for liver recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma or for colorectal liver metastases.
Ex vivo expansion of CD34+ cells and immunocytes from umbilical cord blood
Abstract Objective Umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation (CBSCT) has approached significant success in leukemia treatment, but it is associated with higher rates of delayed or failed engraftment and relapse. This may be caused by immature immune cells of umbilical cord blood. We try to expand stem/progenitor cells and T, NK, DC immunocytes from umbilical cord blood for transplantation and immunotherapy.
Prenatal diagnosis of the Rhesus D fetal blood type on amniotic fluid in daily practice
Abstract Objective To retrospectively examine the diagnostic accuracy of prenatal RhD blood type genotyping on amniotic fluid, using a combination of two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in daily practice.
Respiratory variations in aortic blood flow predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated children
Abstract Objective To investigate whether respiratory variations in aortic blood flow velocity (ΔVpeak ao), systolic arterial pressure (ΔPS) and pulse pressure (ΔPP) could accurately predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated children.
Preliminary observation on the influence of tumor osseous metastasis on autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection
Abstract Objective To examine the influence of tumor osseous metastasis on the patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection.
Blood flow patterns of solitary pulmonary nodules with enhancement
Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dynamic multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) for providing quantitative information about blood flow patterns of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs).
Global cerebral blood flow and CPP after severe head injury: a?xenon-CT study
Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between global cerebral blood flow and different cerebral perfusion pressure ranges in severe head injury.
Dependablity study on near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen and microvessel density of mammary gland phyma
Abstract Objective To detect the reliability of near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen of mammary gland phyma from the microvessel density of tumor.
Accuracy of bedside capillary blood glucose measurements in critically ill patients
Abstract Objective To compare the accuracy of fingerstick with laboratory venous plasma glucose measurements (laboratory glucose) in medical ICU patients and to determine the factors which interfere with the accuracy of fingerstick measurements.
Normal values for finger systolic blood pressures in males and females
Abstract Objective To compare finger systolic blood pressures in males and females and in younger and older persons and provide normal values for all four fingers in younger and older males and females.
Blood transfusion rate in congolese patients with sickle cell anemia
Abstract Objective The main objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of blood transfusion in African Sickle Cell Patients and the risks related to the use of total blood.
Detection of SBEM-mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer and its clinical significance
Abstract Objective The aim of the present study is to explore the expression of a specific marker of breast cancer, small breast epithelial mucin (SBEM) mRNA, in peripheral blood and to investigate its significance.
Effects of Restraint Stress on Iron, Zinc, Calcium, and Magnesium Whole Blood Levels in Mice
Abstract Objective Study the effects of acute and chronic restraint stress on the whole blood concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in mice.
Spontaneous breathing during airway pressure release ventilation in experimental lung injury: effects on hepatic blood flow
Abstract Objective Positive pressure ventilation can affect systemic haemodynamics and regional blood flow distribution with negative effects on hepatic blood flow. We hypothesized that spontaneous breathing (SB) with airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) provides better systemic and hepatic blood flow than APRV without SB.
Relationship between increased blood pressure and hematocrit during modified ultrafiltration for pediatric open heart surgery
Abstract Objective Modified ultrafiltration increases blood pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass in children. To investigate the cause of this hemodynamic improvement, we assessed the relationship between increased blood pressure and hematocrit.
Variation in Blood Pressure as a Guide to Volume Loading in Children Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Abstract Objective Intravascular volume loading is used to optimize cardiac output in children following weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Central venous pressure (CVP) is frequently used to titrate fluid administration but it is often misleading in predicting fluid responsiveness. Variation in the arterial pressure waveform is exaggerated in patients with deficient intravascular volume and has been shown to be a good predictor of fluid responsiveness in adults following cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the measures of variation in blood pressure as a guide to volume loading in children following cardiopulmonary bypass.
Total antioxidant status and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine levels in gingival and peripheral blood of periodontitis patients
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine 8-OHdG concentration as a biomarker of oxidant-induced DNA damage and to assess total antioxidant status (TAS) in gingival and peripheral blood during periodontal lesion.
Regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Abstract Introduction We assessed the alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) before parathyroidectomy by semiquantitative analysis of brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images.
A new tourniquet system that determines pressures in synchrony with systolic blood pressure
Abstract Introduction This study reports the results of the clinical use of a new tourniquet system for surgery of the lower extremity that can determine tourniquet pressure in synchrony with systolic blood pressure.
Thursday, June 26, 2008
Developmental, gender, and ethnic group differences in moods and ambulatory blood pressure in adolescents
Abstract Background: Adolescence is characterized by profound changes in physical, psychological, and social functioning thought to be accompanied by intense and varying moods.Purpose: Within a psychophysiological framework, this study examined the prevalence of 12 self-reported mood states of adolescents; investigated associations between specific mood states and ambulatory blood pressure readings; and explored effects of interactions among moods, gender, ethnic group, and maturation on ambulatory blood pressures.Methods: The sample included 371 African American, European American, and Hispanic American adolescents 11 to 16 years old. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured every 30 min with an ambulatory monitor and were synchronized with electronic activity monitoring and moods self-recorded during waking hours in a checklist diary.Results: Moods differed significantly by gender, ethnic group, and maturation. Controlling for height, maturation, gender, ethnic group, mother’s education, position, location, activity, other moods, and interactions of moods with other variables in a multilevel, random coefficients regression model, both positive and negative mood states were associated with higher levels of SBP and DBP; being relaxed or bored, or having a feeling of accomplishing things were associated with lower SBP and DBP. There were significant interaction effects of moods with physical maturity, gender, and ethnic group on ambulatory SBP and DBP.Conclusions: Further study of the modifying effects of gender, ethnic group, and stage of development on reports of moods, and their associations with cardiovascular responses is recommended.
Validation of a noninvasive blood pressure monitoring device in normotensive and hypertensive pediatric intensive care patients
Abstract Objective. To evaluate the performance and to define limitations of a noninvasive blood pressure monitoring device in the critically ill pediatric population. Method. Patients were included in the study if they were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, were between the ages of 1 month and 18 years with wrist circumferences of ≥ 10 cm, and had an indwelling arterial line. Patients were excluded if their systolic blood pressure differed by ≥ 7.5% between their upper extremities. The measurements were collected simultaneously with those from an arterial line by a computer interfaced with the noninvasive blood pressure monitoring system and the patient’s monitor. Heart rates were calculated from the recorded pulse waveforms of the arterial lines. Comparison analyses were performed via bias and precision plots of the blood pressure and heart rate data in addition to calculation of Pearson’s correlation coefficients and concordance correlation coefficients. As a nonparametric method of comparison, the proportion of measurements that differed by greater than 10% was calculated. Results. Blood pressures and heart rates of 20 patients between the ages of 12 months and 17 years were monitored by a noninvasive blood pressure monitor for 30 min per patient. This data collection resulted in 2015 data points for each blood pressure and heart rate for comparison of methods. Concordance correlation coefficients were the following: systolic blood pressure, 0.93; diastolic blood pressure, 0.93; mean blood pressure, 0.94; and heart rate, 0.85. Conclusions. The noninvasive blood pressure monitor is capable of producing an accurate blood pressure measurement every 12–15 heartbeats in addition to providing a pulse waveform and digital display of the heart rate. Our study showed good agreement between the methods in the normotensive and hypertensive critically ill pediatric population with a wrist circumference limitation defined at ≥ 11 cm.
Autologous Blood Donation Before Elective Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Abstract Purpose. Preoperative autologous blood donation reduces exposure to homologous blood transfusions in cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the volume of predonated autologous blood needed to avoid homologous blood transfusion in scheduled off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (off-pump CABG). Methods. Fifty-six patients underwent scheduled off-pump CABG between January 1999 and December 2000. These patients all donated either 400ml (group 1, n = 33) or 800ml (group 2, n = 23) of autologous blood before operation. These patients donated at a rate of 400ml per week. All patients were given an equal volume of saline solution at the time of autologous donation.
Blood flow alterations in TNBS-induced colitis: Role of endothelin receptors
Abstract Objectives:The aim of the present study was to investigate the time dependent changes in hemodynamic parameters and to assess the role of endothelin (ET) receptors in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Materials:Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) hemodynamics, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and damage scores were measured immediately or 1, 3, 5 and 14 days after colitis. Treatments: Another group of rats received a nonselective ET receptor antagonist bosentan (30 mg/kg/day), ET-A receptor antagonist BQ485 (60 g/rat/day) or ET-B receptor antagonist BQ788 (60 g/rat/day) prior to and on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days after TNBS administration.
Acute blood neutrophilia induced by short-term compost dust exposure in previously unexposed healthy individuals
Abstract Objectives: Systemic effects of organic dust inhalation have been described in farming environments. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a single exposure at a biowaste composting facility could also exert systemic effects in healthy volunteers not previously exposed to organic dust from such facilities. Methods: Seventeen subjects (age 20–35 years) were exposed to organic dust for 2 h (exposure day) during moderate exercise; 12 of these subjects also took part in a control experiment (control day). Spirometry was performed before and immediately after the exposure. White blood cell counts and levels of tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in peripheral blood were determined before and 3 h after exposure. Results: Exposures did not result in significant changes in lung function or blood cytokine levels. In contrast, the number and percentage of neutrophils increased during the exposure day [median (range) percent change of percentages 14 (−2; 67) %; P=0.002], but not during the control day [5 (−22; 35) %; P=0.66). Furthermore, there was a decrease in the number and percentage of eosinophils during the exposure day [−47 (−57; 0.0) %; P=0.002], whereas the change during the control day was smaller [−8 (−56; 71) %; P=0.68]. Conclusion: Short-term exposure of healthy, young subjects to organic dust from composting facilities had opposite effects on the numbers of blood neutrophils and blood eosinophils. These effects, though mild, suggest that even during a limited period of moderate work a sufficient amount of bioactive material can be deposited in the lung to elicit acute systemic alterations.
Prediction of HELLP syndrome with assessment of maternal dual hepatic blood supply by using Doppler ultrasound
Abstract Objective: Early structural and functional changes in the systemic vasculature have been proposed to play a major pathogenetic role in HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome. Our objective was to assess whether the evaluation of maternal hepatic blood supply is instructive to the prediction of onset of HELLP syndrome. Design: Prospective observation study. Population: Fifty-eight women with severe preeclampsia and 60 healthy pregnant controls at 25–36 weeks gestation. Methods: Angle-corrected time-averaged flow velocity and the cross-sectional area of common hepatic artery and portal vein were measured by using Doppler ultrasonography in 58 women with severe preeclampsia and in 60 healthy pregnant controls at 25–36 weeks gestation. Intravascular flow volumes were calculated from the product of the time-averaged velocity and the cross-sectional area. The total liver blood flow was taken as the sum of flow volumes in the hepatic artery and portal vein. Results: The total liver blood flow decreased significantly to about 40% of control in 9 women with severe preeclampsia who developed HELLP syndrome within 4 days after the examination, but not in 49 women with severe preeclampsia without HELLP syndrome. Conclusion: The results indicated that the decrease in dual hepatic blood supply preceded the onset of HELLP syndrome.
The production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole blood by physico-chemical induction
Abstract Objective and design: Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) play an important role in degenerative musculo-skeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis, and a multitude of inflammatory disorders. Agents that inhibit the action of such cytokines have a high therapeutic potential in such diseases. Here we describe a new method for enhancing the production of the interleukin-l receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and other anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole blood. Material and methods: Human venous blood was incubated in the presence of CrSO4-treated glass beads. Serum was recovered and the concentrations of IL-1Ra and other relevant cytokines were measured by ELISA.
Evaluation of peripheral blood neutrophil leucocytes in lead-exposed workers
Abstract Background: Inorganic lead can interfere with humoral and especially cell-mediated immunity even at frequently occurring (<50 μg/dl) blood lead (Pb-B) levels. Occupational exposure to lead causes a primary impairment of the chemotactic and phagocytic activities of neutrophil leucocytes. Objective: To verify whether, after taking into account the main confounding factors, occupational lead exposure is shown to induce changes in the number of blood neutrophil leucocytes, and to assess a possible dose-response relationship between Pb-B and the circulating neutrophil count in exposed workers. Subjects and methods: The study included 68 male lead-exposed (E) workers and 59 male workers in a food plant, recruited as controls (NE). A standardized questionnaire probing work, social, familial and personal medical history was administered to all the subjects. Blood and urine samples were collected to determine the dose and effect biological indices of lead and the total white blood cell and neutrophil counts. Results: Pb-B levels were significantly higher in E (geometric mean (GM): 20.5 μg/dl; 3.2–120 μg/dl) than in NE workers (GM: 3.5 μg/dl; 1–11 μg/dl). The mean absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was significantly higher in E workers with respect to NE workers. ANC correlated significantly with the biological lead dose and effect indices. Moreover, there was a dose-dependent increase of ANC with increasing Pb-B levels. The linear relationship between ANC and Pb-B was confirmed even after correction for age, body mass index and smoking habit. We also found an interaction between Pb-B level and smoking habit in increasing the number of blood neutrophils in lead-exposed workers. Conclusion: Our study is the first to describe a dose-dependent effect of lead on ANC in exposed workers. Our results underline the importance of promoting a further reduction of occupational lead exposure levels, adopting adequate individual protection means, as well as conducting medical campaigns against smoking, at the workplace.
Doppler Flow Wire Evaluation of Renal Blood Flow Reserve in Hypertensive Patients with Normal Renal Arteries
Abstract Purpose: To study the vasomotor responses of the renal microcirculation in patients with essential hypertension.
Linking nucleus accumbens dopamine and blood oxygenation
Abstract Rationale Animal research suggests that anticipation of reward can elicit dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) research further suggests that reward anticipation can increase local blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in the NAcc. However, the physiological relationship between dopamine release and BOLD signal increases in the NAcc has not yet been established.
Effects of Acupressure on Lower Limb Blood Flow for the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of acupressure on lower limb blood flow for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases (PAOD).
Automated Bedside Measurement of Penile Blood Flow Using Pulse-Volume Plethysmography
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficiency of the form PWV/ABI (pulse wave velocity/ankle brachial pressure index) for measuring penile blood pressure (PBP) and the penile brachial pressure index (PBI).
Light and electron microscopic studies on human retinal blood vessels of patients with sclerosis and hypertension
Abstract Purpose To correlate the ophthalmoscopic and histological findings on human retinal blood vessels of patients with sclerosis and hypertension, respectively.
Measurement of renal blood flow in human subjects using the ultrasound velocity profiling technique
Abstract Purpose To (1) assess the accuracy of the ultrasound velocity profiling (USVP) technique of renal blood flow (RBF) measurement in normal subjects and (2) compare renal blood flow measurements obtained using USVP and renal clearance rate in patients with renal diseases.
Effects of MDMA on blood glucose levels and brain glucose metabolism
Abstract Purpose This study was designed to assess changes in glucose metabolism in rats administered single or repeated doses of MDMA.
Magnetic resonance quantitative myocardial perfusion reserve demonstrates improved myocardial blood flow after angiogenic implant therapy
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to follow myocardial angiogenesis temporally using quantitative magnetic resonance first pass perfusion imaging and compare this with the “gold standard“ of radioactive microspheres in a random subset of animals.
Quantification of myocardial blood flow with 82Rb dynamic PET imaging
Abstract Purpose The PET tracer 82Rb is commonly used to evaluate regional perfusion defects for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. There is limited information on the quantification of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve with this tracer. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of a one-compartment model of 82Rb kinetics for the quantification of myocardial blood flow.
Determinants of myocardial blood flow response to cold pressor testing and pharmacologic vasodilation in healthy humans
Abstract Purpose Response of myocardial blood flow (MBF) to sympathetic stimulation with cold is modulated by endothelium-related factors and is typically altered in the presence of coronary risk factors. Determinants of flow response to cold pressor testing (CPT) in normal volunteers at low risk for CAD remain less well defined, especially relative to baseline conditions such as hemodynamics and MBF, plasma substrate and lipid levels, and total pharmacologically stimulated vasodilator capacity.
Effect of hyperosmolality and cations on iodinated contrast medium-induced potassium release from human blood cells
Abstract Purpose Potassium release from blood cells is a contrast medium-induced phenomenon. The purposes of the study were to (1) assess the effect of hyperosmolality and of adding sodium ions and calcium ions to a solution on potassium release from human blood cells and (2) reevaluate the possibility of hemolysis as a cause of potassium elevation.
Changes in polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase concentrations and hemolysis parameters in patients transfused with different blood preparations, and in the blood preparations themselves
Abstract Purpose Massive blood transfusion induces hemolysis and increases polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMNE) concentration. The purpose of this study was to compare hemolysis and PMNE concentrations in massive blood transfusions with three different preparations.
Proposal of blood volume-corrected model for quantification of regional cerebral blood flow with H215O-PET and its application to AVF
Abstract Purpose It is generally assumed that vascular tracer activity is negligible in the quantification of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with H215O and positron emission tomography (PET) under normal conditions. We attempted to surpass the assumption of abnormal vascular conditions where the vascular tracer activity is significant by introducing the vascular component into the model.
Association Between Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and α-Fetoprotein Messenger RNA Levels in Peripheral Blood
Abstract Purpose Intra- and extrahepatic recurrence is common, even after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting preoperative or intraoperative tumor cell dissemination. Reverse transcription — polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for α-fetoprotein (AFP) is used to detect circulating liver cancer cells. We previously developed a quantitative method that allows estimation of the AFP mRNA level by real-time PCR. In the present study, we used this method to measure the AFP mRNA level before and after resection of HCC, then correlated the findings with various clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.
Influence of carboplatin infusion on osteosarcoma blood flow
Abstract Purpose Herein we report that carboplatin infusion influenced tumor blood flow signal independent of the mechanical decompression induced by the artificial lymphatics system technology that was being evaluated as part of a randomized veterinary clinical trial, treating spontaneously occurring canine appendicular osteosarcoma, a tumor very similar to its human counterpart.
Electrostatic field can preserve red blood cells in stored blood preparations
Abstract Purpose During the storage of red blood cell concentrates (CRCs), red blood cells are progressively destroyed and free hemoglobin and potassium concentrations increase. In this study, we focused on an electrostatic field that maintains food freshness without freezing, even at less than the freezing point. We hypothesized that the storage of CRCs under an electrostatic field could keep red blood cells in better condition than conventional storage.
The relationship between arteriovenous fistula blood flow rate and pulmonary artery pressure in hemodialysis patients
Abstract Purpose Although there is an increased prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients, the relationship between arteriovenous (AV) fistula blood flow and pulmonary hemodynamics is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationshipship between blood flow rate of AV fistula and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in hemodialysis patients.
Multi-Channel Electrical Bioimpedance: A New Noninvasive Method To Simultaneously Measure Cardiac And Peripheral Blood Flow
Abstract Objectives We sought to assess the ability of a new multi-channel electrical bioimpedance (MEB) methodology to accurately measure both cardiac blood flow and peripheral limb blood flow.
Adverse events of blood-pressure-lowering drugs: evidence of high incidence in a clinical setting
Abstract Objectives Our primary objective was to determine the incidence of AEs of antihypertensive drugs in a cohort of outpatients attending a specialized clinic. The secondary objectives were to determine the incidence of AEs by classes of blood-pressure-lowering drugs used in monotherapy and to identify risk factors for the occurrence of AEs.
Differences between Hospital- and Community-Acquired Blood Exposure Incidents Revealed by a Regional Expert Counseling Center
Abstract Objective: One year (2003) regional analysis of all blood exposure incidents from hospitals as well as from the community.
Usefulness of perioperative blood glucose control in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Abstract Objective We investigated the usefulness of perioperative blood glucose control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Intra-operative Blood Loss Predicts Complications After a Second Hepatectomy for Malignant Neoplasms
Abstract Objective We investigated the risk of morbidity after repeat resections for liver recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma or for colorectal liver metastases.
Ex vivo expansion of CD34+ cells and immunocytes from umbilical cord blood
Abstract Objective Umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation (CBSCT) has approached significant success in leukemia treatment, but it is associated with higher rates of delayed or failed engraftment and relapse. This may be caused by immature immune cells of umbilical cord blood. We try to expand stem/progenitor cells and T, NK, DC immunocytes from umbilical cord blood for transplantation and immunotherapy.
Prenatal diagnosis of the Rhesus D fetal blood type on amniotic fluid in daily practice
Abstract Objective To retrospectively examine the diagnostic accuracy of prenatal RhD blood type genotyping on amniotic fluid, using a combination of two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in daily practice.
Respiratory variations in aortic blood flow predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated children
Abstract Objective To investigate whether respiratory variations in aortic blood flow velocity (ΔVpeak ao), systolic arterial pressure (ΔPS) and pulse pressure (ΔPP) could accurately predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated children.
Preliminary observation on the influence of tumor osseous metastasis on autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection
Abstract Objective To examine the influence of tumor osseous metastasis on the patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection.
Blood flow patterns of solitary pulmonary nodules with enhancement
Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dynamic multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) for providing quantitative information about blood flow patterns of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs).
Global cerebral blood flow and CPP after severe head injury: a?xenon-CT study
Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between global cerebral blood flow and different cerebral perfusion pressure ranges in severe head injury.
Dependablity study on near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen and microvessel density of mammary gland phyma
Abstract Objective To detect the reliability of near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen of mammary gland phyma from the microvessel density of tumor.
Accuracy of bedside capillary blood glucose measurements in critically ill patients
Abstract Objective To compare the accuracy of fingerstick with laboratory venous plasma glucose measurements (laboratory glucose) in medical ICU patients and to determine the factors which interfere with the accuracy of fingerstick measurements.
Normal values for finger systolic blood pressures in males and females
Abstract Objective To compare finger systolic blood pressures in males and females and in younger and older persons and provide normal values for all four fingers in younger and older males and females.
Blood transfusion rate in congolese patients with sickle cell anemia
Abstract Objective The main objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of blood transfusion in African Sickle Cell Patients and the risks related to the use of total blood.
Detection of SBEM-mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer and its clinical significance
Abstract Objective The aim of the present study is to explore the expression of a specific marker of breast cancer, small breast epithelial mucin (SBEM) mRNA, in peripheral blood and to investigate its significance.
Effects of Restraint Stress on Iron, Zinc, Calcium, and Magnesium Whole Blood Levels in Mice
Abstract Objective Study the effects of acute and chronic restraint stress on the whole blood concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in mice.
Spontaneous breathing during airway pressure release ventilation in experimental lung injury: effects on hepatic blood flow
Abstract Objective Positive pressure ventilation can affect systemic haemodynamics and regional blood flow distribution with negative effects on hepatic blood flow. We hypothesized that spontaneous breathing (SB) with airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) provides better systemic and hepatic blood flow than APRV without SB.
Relationship between increased blood pressure and hematocrit during modified ultrafiltration for pediatric open heart surgery
Abstract Objective Modified ultrafiltration increases blood pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass in children. To investigate the cause of this hemodynamic improvement, we assessed the relationship between increased blood pressure and hematocrit.
Variation in Blood Pressure as a Guide to Volume Loading in Children Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Abstract Objective Intravascular volume loading is used to optimize cardiac output in children following weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Central venous pressure (CVP) is frequently used to titrate fluid administration but it is often misleading in predicting fluid responsiveness. Variation in the arterial pressure waveform is exaggerated in patients with deficient intravascular volume and has been shown to be a good predictor of fluid responsiveness in adults following cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the measures of variation in blood pressure as a guide to volume loading in children following cardiopulmonary bypass.
Total antioxidant status and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine levels in gingival and peripheral blood of periodontitis patients
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine 8-OHdG concentration as a biomarker of oxidant-induced DNA damage and to assess total antioxidant status (TAS) in gingival and peripheral blood during periodontal lesion.
Regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Abstract Introduction We assessed the alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) before parathyroidectomy by semiquantitative analysis of brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images.
Wednesday, June 25, 2008
A new tourniquet system that determines pressures in synchrony with systolic blood pressure
Abstract Introduction This study reports the results of the clinical use of a new tourniquet system for surgery of the lower extremity that can determine tourniquet pressure in synchrony with systolic blood pressure.
Pharmacologic Elevation of Blood Pressure for Acute Brain Ischemia
Abstract Introduction Several studies demonstrated that patients with low blood pressure upon presentation with acute ischemic stroke have worse outcomes. Elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) directly improves cerebral perfusion. Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 agonist with peripheral vasoconstrictive effect, raising the blood pressure without constricting brain vessels.
The effect of acute normovolaemic haemodilution on blood gas parameters: a case report
Abstract Introduction Increased awareness of the risks related to homologous blood transfusions such as immunological reactions, transmission of infections, and immunosuppression, has necessitated exploration of alternative techniques to deal with the needs of intra-operative blood transfusion. Strategies that reduce or remove the risks associated with allogeneic transfusion include pre-operative autologous donation, peri-operative cell-salvage techniques, deliberate hypotension, and pharmacological interventions. Acute normovolaemic haemodilution is another such technique.
Impact of Computerized Decision Support on Blood Pressure Management and Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract BACKGROUND We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of computerized decision support (CDS) designed to improve hypertension care and outcomes in a racially diverse sample of primary care patients.
A vertical scanning Doppler probe identifies blood vessels during laparoscopic surgery
Abstract Background Using a conventional Doppler probe, it is difficult to identify blood vessels precisely in lymph node dissection during laparoscopic surgery.
The Accuracy of Clinician Perceptions of “Usual” Blood Pressure Control
Abstract BACKGROUND The term “clinical inertia” is used to describe the failure to manage a chronic condition aggressively enough to bring it under control. The underlying mechanisms for clinical inertia remain poorly understood.
Rapid Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Feasibility and Safety
Abstract Background The optimal blood pressure (BP) for treating acute intracerebral hemorrhage remains (ICH) uncertain. High BP may contribute to hematoma growth while excessive BP reduction might precipitate peri-hemorrhage ischemia. We examine here the feasibility and safety of reducing BP to lower than presently recommended levels in patients with acute ICH.
Ocular blood flow in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
Abstract Background Sleep-related disorders are among the important risk factors for neurovascular diseases. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, and insomnia. Our aim was to investigate the presence of glaucoma in patients with OSAS and to reveal vascular pathology related to the pathogenesis of glaucoma in those patients.
Laparoscopy-assisted Pylorus-preserving Gastrectomy: Preservation of Vagus Nerve and Infrapyloric Blood Flow Induces Less Stasis
Abstract Background Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) prevents postprandial symptoms; however, delayed gastric retention due to aberrant pylorus function can occur during the early postoperative period. This study aimed to establish a stasis-less PPG procedure with preservation of the vagal nerve and blood flow to the pyloric cuff, and to apply the technique for laparoscopy-assisted PPG.
Comparison of markers of circulating blood volume in hemodialysis patients
Abstract Background Pulse dye-densitometry (PDD) is a newly developed technique for monitoring the arterial concentration of indocyanine green (ICG). By using this method, the circulating blood volume (CBV) can be measured as accurately as by established dilution methods using 131I-labeled human serum albumin in healthy subjects. In the present study, we estimated the CBV in hemodialysis (HD) patients, using PDD, and compared the utility of this method with that of other markers of the CBV.
Fluid Balance and Blood Volume Measurement after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Abstract Background Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are at risk for circulatory volume depletion, which is a risk factor for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). In a prospective observational study we assessed the effectiveness of fluid administration based on regular evaluation of the fluid balance in maintaining normovolemia.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Monitor Peripheral Blood Flow Perfusion
Abstract Background Non-invasive evaluation of peripheral perfusion may be useful in many contexts including peri-operative monitoring. We validated a novel non-invasive spectroscopy technique to assess peripheral perfusion. This method, which is based on the measurement of tissue saturation variations after an ischemic period, was compared to strain gauge plethysmography and radionuclide plethysmography. The technique uses near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the rate of change of forearm tissue saturation during reactive hyperemia.
Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. I. Intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow monitoring
Abstract Background Monitoring the injured brain is an integral part of the management of severely brain injured patients in intensive care. Brain-specific monitoring techniques enable focused assessment of secondary insults to the brain and may help the intensivist in making appropriate interventions guided by the various monitoring techniques, thereby reducing secondary brain damage following acute brain injury.
Influence of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement of the Ankle
Abstract Background It is rapidly becoming the standard of care to employ the perioperative use of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices on the lower leg to prevent the development of deep venous thrombosis. There are instances when the anesthesiologist must apply a blood pressure cuff to the ankle in order to obtain a blood pressure reading. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of IPC devices on non-invasive blood pressure measurements of the ankle.
Hemodynamic and tissue blood flow responses to long-term pneumoperitoneum and hypercapnia in the pig
Abstract Background Increased peritoneal blood flow may influence the ability of cancer cells to adhere to and survive on the peritoneal surface during and after laparoscopic cancer surgery. Carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum is associated with a marked blood flow increase in the peritoneum. However, it is not clear whether the vasodilatory effect in the peritoneum is related to a local or systemic effect of CO2.
Treatment Intensification and Blood Glucose Control Among Hospitalized Diabetic Patients
Abstract Background Hyperglycemia is common among diabetic inpatients, and has been linked to adverse outcomes. However, antihyperglycemic treatment is seldom intensified in noncritical care patients, and the relationship between intensification frequency and glucose control is poorly understood. We evaluated the relationship between treatment intensification and changes in blood glucose in hospitalized diabetic patients.
Glycodelin gene expression in human peripheral white blood cells
Abstract Background Glycodelin plays an important role in normal and abnormal reproductive growth. The in vitro properties of glycodelin have been studied in K562 cells. The role of glycodelin in vivo in the peripheral circulation has not been determined.
Abnormal Retinal Blood Vessels in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VI
Abstract Background Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder caused by defective collagen synthesis and categorized into 11 types based on genetic mutations and clinical features.1 Its principal clinical characteristics include hyperelasticity and vulnerability of the skin and joints to laxity, and fragility of blood vessels.
Liver Transplantation Across Rh Blood Group Barriers Increases the Risk of Biliary Complications
Abstract Background Cold ischemia time and the presence of postoperative hepatic arterial thrombosis have been associated with biliary complications (BC) after liver transplantation. An ABO-incompatible blood group has also been suggested as a factor for predisposal towards BC. However, the influence of Rh nonidentity has not been studied previously.
Perimetric and retrobulbar blood flow changes following carotid endarterectomy
Abstract Background Carotid stenosis can produce visual changes. This study examines perimetric and retrobulbar blood flow changes following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients without visual symptoms.
Carbon dioxide insufflation attenuates parietal blood flow obstruction in distended colon
Abstract Background Bowel distention after colonoscopy has been considered as a cause of blood flow disturbance. Carbon dioxide (CO2), with its higher absorbability and vasodilating effect, may reduce parietal blood flow disturbance of distended colon when used for intraluminal insufflation instead of air. The purpose of this study was to assess parietal blood flow of the colon distended with intraluminal air/CO2 insufflation.
Identification of predictive factors for perioperative blood transfusion in colorectal resection patients
Abstract Background Blood transfusion is associated with higher postoperative complication. With the availability of autologous blood and erythropoietin, it would be advantageous to identify patients who are at higher risk for requiring blood transfusion. Our aim is to identify possible predictive factors for perioperative blood transfusion in patients undergoing colorectal resection. We examined 206 patients who underwent colorectal resections.
The effect of ABO–Rh blood group determinants on urinary tract infections
Abstract Background Blood group antigens are a group of carbohydrate determinants found on erythrocytes, phagocytes, lymphocytes and certain epithelial tissues including urothelium. There are several publications that defines enhanced bacterial adhesions due to genetic markers such as blood group types.
Suppressive effect of resistant maltodextrin on postprandial blood triacylglycerol elevation
Abstract Background As the physiological functions of soluble dietary fibre, the favourable efficacy, such as attenuating the absorption of saccharides or lipids, is expected. Resistant maltodextrin, a soluble dietary fibre, was investigated and found that it delays the glucose absorption and attenuates the postprandial rise in the blood glucose levels, however, the efficacy of resistant maltodextrin on lipid metabolism is not yet reported.
Detection and evaluation of epithelial cells in the blood of colon cancer patients using RT-PCR
Abstract Background As a mode of colorectal cancer recurrence, liver metastasis plays an important role. One of the factors reported to predict liver metastasis is the detection of trace amounts of tumor cells in the blood. For this purpose, cancer cell-induced cytokeratins (CKs) are generally identified, using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the present study, we aimed to detect trace amounts of tumor cells, based on CK20, in the circulating venous blood, and we examined pathological factors, liver metastasis, and prognosis.
Effect of perioperative autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion on the immune system in gastric cancer patients
Abstract Background Allogeneic blood transfusion-induced immunomodulation (TRIM) and its adverse effect on the prognosis of patients treated surgically for cancer remain complex and controversial. However, the potential risk associated with allogeneic blood transfusion has heightened interest in the use of autologous blood transfusion. In the present study, the serum concentrations of neopterin, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) and a possible association between these variables were investigated. The purpose was to further evaluate the effect of autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion on immunological status in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer.
The relationship between admission blood glucose levels and hospital mortality
Abstract Aims/hypothesis The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between blood glucose level (BGL) on admission with mortality rates among patients admitted to hospital through the Emergency Department.
Cerebral blood flow abnormality in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Abstract Purpose To investigate the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), we compared brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of drug na?ve IGE patients with those of age/sex matched healthy volunteers.
The Cultural Gradient: Culture Moderates the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Ambulatory Blood Pressure
A social gradient has been consistently demonstrated in Western countries with higher socioeconomic status (SES) related to lower blood pressure (BP). In non-Western countries, however, the social gradient is not always evident, with some countries appearing to show a reversed social gradient. It was hypothesized that culture moderates the social gradient, with the relationship between SES and BP differing as a function of culture. To investigate the idea of a “cultural gradient” a sample of Hispanic immigrants and Whites was studied. A total of 79 participants (30 Hispanic immigrant, 49 White) wore ambulatory blood pressure monitors for 24 h. The Hispanic immigrants also completed the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans- II. Hispanic immigrants had lower SES and lower BP compared to Whites. A cultural gradient moderating the social gradient was evident with Hispanic immigrants displaying a positive relationship between SES and BP and Whites displaying a negative relationship. Among Hispanic immigrants, increased acculturation to Western culture decreased the positive relationship between SES and BP. Just as there is a social gradient with increasing socioeconomic status related to better cardiovascular health, there appears to be a cultural gradient with increasing acculturation to Western society related to worse cardiovascular health.
Intraovarian arterial blood flow resistance in oligomenorrheal infertile women
Purpose : Intraovarian arterial blood flows before and after follicular rupture in ovulation induced cycles were examined by transvaginal color flow Doppler imaging. The changes observed in the intraovarian arterial resistance before and after ovulation in relation to the regularity of menstruation and several other parameters were analyzed. Methods : In a prospective study, 22 patients undergoing infertility treatment in our center were recruited. Patients were divided into two subgroups, according to their menstrual regularity (regular menstrual group and oligomenorrheal group) and 42 cycles were studied. All patients received the same FSH low-dose stimulation treatment. The relationship between the post and preovulatory arterial pulsatility indexes (PI) was analyzed. Cycles that showed a decrease in their PI after ovulation of 10% or more were considered “profoundly decreased cycles.” Cycles from the same patients without ovulatory stimulation (natural cycles) were used as control.
Impact of Blood Transfusions on Recurrence and Survival After Rectal Cancer Surgery
Purpose This study was designed to determine whether type or number of blood units transfused affected short-term and long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer. The number of perioperative blood units is associated with postoperative mortality and overall survival by some authors. In addition, allogenic perioperative blood transfusion has been postulated to produce host immunosuppression and has been reported to result in adverse outcome in patients with colorectal cancer. Autologous blood transfusion might improve results compared with allogenic transfusion.
Pharmacokinetic Consequences of Active Drug Efflux at the Blood–Brain Barrier
Purpose The objective of this simulation study was to investigate how the nature, location, and capacity of the efflux processes in relation to the permeability properties influence brain concentrations.
Characteristics of Substance P Transport Across the Blood–Brain Barrier
Purpose Substance P (SP; NH3+-Arg+-Pro-Lys+-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2) belongs to a group of neurokinins that are widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The biological effects mediated by SP in the central nervous system include regulation of affective behavior, emesis, and nociception. Many of these actions are believed to be the result of the binding of SP to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor and subsequent transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The objective of the study was to investigate the involvement of the NK-1 receptor in the permeation of SP across the BBB.
Blood Compatibility of Cetyl Alcohol/Polysorbate-Based Nanoparticles
Purpose Pegylated and nonpegylated cetyl alcohol/polysorbate nanoparticles (E78 NPs) are being tested as drug carriers for specific tumor and brain targeting. Because these nanoparticle formulations are designed for systemic administration, it is important to test the compatibility of these lipid-based NPs with blood and blood cells.
A Novel Method of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Assisted by Submucosal Injection of Autologous Blood (Blood Patch EMR)
Purpose Endoscopic mucosal resection assisted by submucosal injection of saline is a widely used procedure; however, it has three limitations: 1) it often is difficult to maintain a desirable level of tissue elevation after the injection; 2) the saline has no efficacy in preventing hemorrhage; 3) nothing can protect the site of mucosal defect after endoscopic mucosal resection to prevent perforation. Blood, as a new medium for use in submucosal injection, may remedy these drawbacks. This is the first report of this technique.
Spatio–temporal VEGF and PDGF Delivery Patterns Blood Vessel Formation and Maturation
Purpose Biological mechanisms of tissue regeneration are often complex, involving the tightly coordinated spatial and temporal presentation of multiple factors. We investigated whether spatially compartmentalized and sequential delivery of factors can be used to pattern new blood vessel formation.
Changes in Blood Lipid Levels following Silastic Ring Vertical Gastroplasty
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Silastic Ring Vertical Gastroplasty (SRVG) operation on blood lipid levels in obese men and women during the first year following surgery.
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